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Understanding Sensory Processing and Mental Health
There are well-documented links between sensory processing challenges and anxiety and depression.
Sensory integration and processing differences where the brain struggles to effectively process and organise sensory information can lead to heightened stress responses.
Individuals with sensory processing challenges may find certain sensory stimuli overwhelming or distressing, leading to a state of constant vigilance and anxiety.
Research has shown that individuals with sensory processing difficulties are more prone to experiencing symptoms of depression. The chronic stress and fatigue associated with constantly managing overwhelming sensory input can lead to feelings of hopelessness and helplessness. Additionally, the avoidance of sensory-rich environments to prevent discomfort can result in social isolation, further contributing to depressive symptoms.
Families have told researchers that their child's behaviour related to sensory processing differences can make it difficult for them and their child to connect with others and participate in social activities, leading to social isolation and the impact that has on mental health.
Children with sensory-motor difficulties, like those with developmental coordination disorder or dyspraxia, can also have a hard time with self-care and joining in sports, which can make it even harder for them to be included in social activities and feel good about themselves. This can lead to low self-esteem, which can increase the risk of mental health problems like anxiety and depression.
For mental health professionals, understanding the connection between sensory processing and mental health is crucial. Effective interventions should consider sensory integration therapies that help individuals manage their sensory sensitivities.
Furthermore, creating supportive environments that minimise sensory triggers can significantly enhance the well-being of individuals with sensory processing difficulties. By acknowledging and addressing the sensory dimensions of anxiety and depression, healthcare providers can offer more holistic and effective care, improving overall mental health outcomes.
References
Draghi, T. T. G., Cavalcante Neto, J. L., Rohr, L. A., Jelsma, L. D., & Tudella, E. (2020). Symptoms of anxiety and depression in children with developmental coordination disorder: a systematic review. Jornal de Pediatria, 96(1), 8–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2019.03.002
Dunn, W. (2009). Living Sensationally: Understanding Your Senses. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Engel-Yeger, B., & Dunn, W. (2011). Exploring the Relationship between Affect and Sensory Processing Patterns in Adults. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 74(10), 456–464. https://doi.org/10.4276/030802211x13182481841868
Lane, S. J. (2010). Sensory over-responsivity and ADHD: differentiating using electrodermal responses, cortisol, and anxiety. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2010.00008
Schaaf, R. C., Benevides, T., Mailloux, Z., Faller, P., Hunt, J., van Hooydonk, E., Freeman, R., Leiby, B., Sendecki, J., & Kelly, D. (2014). An Intervention for Sensory Difficulties in Children with Autism: A Randomized Trial. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(7). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1983-8
Serafini, G., Gonda, X., Canepa, G., Pompili, M., Rihmer, Z., Amore, M., & Engel-Yeger, B. (2017). Extreme sensory processing patterns show a complex association with depression, and impulsivity, alexithymia, and hopelessness. Journal of Affective Disorders, 210, 249–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.12.019
